Process for casting steel in several layers.



A. ROJEKOF.

PROCESS FOR CASTING STEEL IN SEVERAL LAYERS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-l2. 19H- B, W V a, M M V r m 2 Q A x Q W M y/// j M a d & z i t T fi J" P E PM W\ W M m a H mm M/ L t; r WC W a: a M WwMMMH wMMMHHHM\ 4% MW 2 1 WMW 1 $flm UNITED STATES PATENT ormon;

ALEXANDER ROJEKOE, 0F IBEJ'ITZA, RUSSIA,

. PROCESS FOR CASTING STEEL IN SEVERAL LAYERS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 12, 1916.

Application filed August 12, 1911. Serial No. 643,666.

tion in a single mold of ingots or castings which consist of two or more layers of steel of various chemical compositions.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a transverse secti on and a plan view of a suitable apparatus for carrying out the invention; Fig. 3 is a plan view of a modified apparatus and Fig. 4 a sectional plan view of a portion of an apparatus for casting railway switches. The process, according to my invention, is carried out as follows: v

For casting a steel block composed of two, three or more layers of steel having various chemical compositions, plates L of soft iron, or steel (according to the kind of production) are placed in the mold A, made Figs. 1 and 2) of metal or other refractory material, so as to touch the bottom B of the mold. The plates L which are suspended from rods a form within the mold a plurality of chambers C. D. E. Where the plates L approach the innerwalls of the mold narrow spaces are left (of 2.5 mm., for instance) so that the liquid metal will cover the plates L, expanding from the heat, in these places. Spacers k are provided, in order to keep the plates L in position at the bottom of the mold while at the top they are held in position by tubular pieces or bushings t fixed on therods a, (Figs. 1

and 2). To'efiect a proper bonding of the plates L with the adjacent layers of steel the plates may be provided with a series of iron pins or projections p of rectangular,

circular or any other suitable cross section.

These pins should not be thicker than the plates L and should not project beyond the surface of said plates for more than {rth ofthe width of the adjacent layer of steel Fig. 1). The object of the pins is to form a, more solid mechanical connection of the di'lferent layers of steel, which is especially advantageous in specially shaped castings, which do not undergo any further forging.

Opening into each chamber C. D. E., is a duct, 01., n, n respectively provided at its "upper end with a funnel N, N, N res ectively through which ducts molten stee of the desired composition is fed to the chambers. The plates L and pins 9 should be carefully cleaned fromdirt and other matter before the plates are placed in the mold, and they may be heated before the steel is cast into the mold. The thickness of the plates L should at least be one millimeter, and should be proportional tothe width S of each layer of steel, but should not be more than three quarters of said width.

When the width S varies, as is the case where the layer tapers (see Fig. 1), the above proportions refer to the smallest value of S. The ducts must all be of the samelength from the funnels, N, N, N until they enter the chambers C. D. E.

Molten steel having different chemical compositions is poured from ladles into the funnels N, N, N and passes through the ducts into the mold in which it rises and bonds itself with the melting themso that t e several layers cannot mingle. 'After the steel has risen to the desired level in all the chambers the casting is interrupted. In this manner, a steel ingot is produced which consists of layers having different chemical compositions and connected by sheets of soft iron; The same process is used forproducing round orprismatic ingots, havin two or more concentric layers C, D'. ig. 3). The plates L, bent to a cylindrical, tubular, conical or other shape, are arranged concentrically andare suspended from a rod (1'. The steel is fed to the chambers through the funnels- N N and cooperating ducts n, n". In the case of concentric castings iron pipes may successfully be used for separatsame manner, ingots may be cast by introas shown in Fig. 1, or are bent into a cylindrical or similar shape, as in Fig. 3, when concentric layers are to be cast. The same process can also be used for facon casts,

one part of which is to be made of soft and the other of hard steel.

In all the cases specified above it is ex lates L but without mg the different layers of steel. In the ducing the molten metal at the top instead tremely important, in order to avoid a separation of the layers, that the partitions should not project beyond the ingot z'. e. that they should be covered with liquid metal on the sides at the top and bottom.

Fig. 4 shows an apparatus for the casting of a rail connecting piece for railway switches. The bottom part of such a piece is made of soft and the upper part of hard steel. L is a plate having pins p as before described, N N are the casting funnels through which steel having different chemical compositions is fed to the mold by means of suitable ladles. As shown, the plate L divides the mold into two chambers C D Thus it is possible, to make the head part of the piece, say, of manganese steel and the bottom part of softer steel. After the piece has been cast'it may be compressed or rolled by suitable apparatus.

The sheet iron or steel plates L, L, L

are used for the following objects: 1. They prevent the mingling of the various layers of steel. 2. They soften when in contact with the molten steel and thus bond'with the various layers of steel containing a large percentage of carbon,chrome and nickel steel, etc., andlform connections between the several layers. 3. In the further treatment of the ingots, by pressing, forging and rolling, the soft sheet ironor steel of the partition plates is easily squeezed out of the ingot and the several layers of steel may come, if necessary,.alnlost or practically into direct contact with. each other. 4:. By bonding with the layers of; steel, the sheet iron plates owing to their elasticity protect the ingot. from warping or getting cracks while being finished. 5. The presence of a layer of soft iron, or steel, between the various layers of of said mold and made of such thickness as to cause a perfect weld of the said partitions with the adjacent layers of liquid molten steel.

2. The process of casting ingots comprising different layers of steel,,which consists in first forming a mold having two or more compartments, and then, separately, though simultaneously charging the said compartments with liquid molten steel of different chemical compositions thus forming indi vidual layers, preventing said various layers frommingling by-means of metal partitions having no contact with the walls of said mold and made of such a thickness as to cause a perfect weld of the said partitions with the adjacent layers of liquid molten steel and providing said partitions with means to facilitate their fusing with the liquid steel.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' ALEXANDER Witnesses: r y

" ALEXANDER TSCHERALOFF,

AUG. Mionrs.

ROJEKOF; 

